On The Table Read Magazine, “the best arts and entertainment magazine UK“, embrace sustainability with these zero waste crafts that will help you reduce, reuse and recycle while creating beautiful works of art.
Are you tired of the never-ending cycle of waste that comes with crafting? If so, you’re in the right place! I created this post because I believe that crafting can be both fun and friendly to our planet. With so many materials ending up in landfills, it’s time to get creative with what we already have. Zero waste crafts not only help you clean out your closet and kitchen but also allow you to express your artistic side while being environmentally conscious.
If you’re someone who loves DIY projects and has a passion for sustainability, this guide will resonate with you. Whether you’re an experienced crafter or a beginner looking to make a difference, you’ll find something here to spark your interest. You can create beautiful, practical items that reduce, reuse, and recycle. In this post, I’ve gathered 16 genius zero waste crafts that are not just eco-friendly but also enjoyable to make. You’ll learn how to transform everyday items into unique creations that you’ll be proud of!
Get ready to dive into these crafts that are simple, creative, and perfect for anyone looking to reduce their footprint. Each project encourages you to think outside the box and embrace the art of reusing materials, all while having a great time. With these ideas, you’ll be well on your way to crafting like a pro!
Key Takeaways
– Learn how to transform old T-shirts into practical tote bags, giving a new life to fabric that would otherwise go to waste.
– Discover how to make lovely glass jar candles that not only brighten up your space but also recycle glass containers.
– Create fun and colorful upcycled crayon art using broken crayons, turning waste into eye-catching decor.
– Explore easy DIY projects like beeswax wraps and compost bins, which can help you improve your kitchen’s sustainability.
– Gain insight into crafting with items like old jeans and wine corks, giving you a variety of options for zero waste projects.
16 Genius Zero Waste Crafts That’ll Help You Reduce, Reuse, and Recycle Like a Pro!
1. Recycled T-Shirt Tote Bags
Got some old t-shirts lying around? Transform them into trendy tote bags that can accompany you on shopping trips or casual outings. This simple project not only gives a second life to clothes but also helps reduce textile waste. Just cut off the sleeves and neckline of a shirt, sew the bottom shut, and you’ve got a stylish, reusable bag in no time! Editor’s Choice
For the best results, opt for shirts with vibrant graphics or colors to make your tote stand out. Lighter cotton fabrics are ideal for this project as they’re easier to work with and more comfortable to carry.
Key steps to create your tote:
– Cut sleeves and neckline from old t-shirt
– Turn the shirt inside out for sewing
– Sew the bottom shut securely
– Flip it right side out to finish your bag
This project is a quick way to create a functional accessory while being kind to the planet. You’ll love showing off your unique, eco-friendly tote everywhere you go!Recycled T-Shirt Tote Bags
NW AAB-656 Acrylic Tote Bag Template Bag Leather Pattern Shoulder Bag Ac…
AmazonUSD 35.47
Stainless Steel Sewing Kit – 40 pcs Steel Sewing Needles & Thread Set, C…
AmazonCheck Price
Fiskars Classic Universal Craft and Fabric Scissors, Right-Handed, Total…
AmazonUSD 19.30
2. Glass Jar Candles
Have some empty glass jars? Turn them into beautiful homemade candles that brighten up your space sustainably! This craft allows you to reuse leftover wax, creating a cozy atmosphere with your favorite scents. Just melt the wax, mix in essential oils, and pour it into the cleaned jars. After cooling, your delightful candles are ready to illuminate your home. Editor’s Choice
To personalize your candles, experiment with various scents and colors to create a unique collection. Using soy wax is a great choice for a cleaner burn and better scent throw.
Essential steps for making candles:
– Clean glass jars thoroughly before use
– Melt your candle wax in a double boiler
– Stir in essential oils for fragrance
– Secure the wick in the jar before pouring
You’ll enjoy the warm glow and inviting scents of your homemade candles, ensuring your space feels welcoming and personal.Glass Jar Candles
MAYJAM Fragrance Oil, 100ML Strawberry Aromatherapy Oil, with Glass Drop…
AmazonCheck Price
CD Series Candle Wicks for Soy Candles,100pcs CD 18 6″ Pretabbed Wicks,C…
AmazonBRL 114.75
Candle Dye, 6 Colors Candle Colour Dye for Soy Wax, Highly Concentrated …
AmazonCheck Price
3. Upcycled Crayon Art
Got broken crayons? Turn them into a vibrant piece of art that’s perfect for both kids and adults! This fun project is a great way to spend time with family. Simply gather those old crayons, melt them in a silicone mold, and create new colorful shapes. Once cooled, these artistic creations can be used for various art projects or given as unique gifts. Editor’s Choice
Feel free to use different molds to create a variety of shapes and sizes; heart shapes are always a hit! Mixing crayon colors can lead to stunning marbled effects that will amaze everyone.
Steps to create crayon art:
– Preheat your oven to 250°F (120°C)
– Remove wrappers and break crayons into smaller pieces
– Fill molds with crayon pieces and bake
This project is a delightful way to unleash creativity and gives new life to crayons that might otherwise be thrown away.Upcycled Crayon Art
HYCHIKA Professional Heat Gun, 60℃- 600℃ Stepless Variable Temp, 180…
AmazonCheck Price
3Pcs Rose Flower Silicone Molds Set, DIY Valentine’s Day Silicone Mold, …
AmazonCheck Price
4. Newspaper Seedling Pots
Want to start your gardening adventure? Make biodegradable seedling pots using old newspapers! Instead of buying plastic pots, roll newspaper strips to create eco-friendly pots for your seedlings. This easy method not only reduces waste but also allows you to plant the entire pot directly into the ground when it’s time to transplant. Editor’s Choice
For easier handling, opt for lighter newspapers that fold easily. Adding organic compost to your pots can give your seedlings a nutrient boost as they grow.
Steps to make seedling pots:
– Cut newspapers into strips about 3 inches wide
– Roll a strip around a small can, folding the bottom
– Fill with soil and plant your seeds
With these pots, you’ll be nurturing your plants responsibly, and watching them thrive will be all the more rewarding!Newspaper Seedling Pots
Maxicrop XNATF61L All Purpose Organic Garden Natural Fertiliser, 1L – Al…
AmazonCheck Price
Gro-sure Fibre Pots Round 6cm 24pk Propagation kit, Brown
AmazonUSD 2.87
5. Upcycled Wine Cork Coasters
Do you have a collection of wine corks? Transform them into stylish coasters that protect your surfaces while adding charm to your home! This easy craft is perfect for wine enthusiasts and home decorators alike. Simply cut the corks in half, arrange them in your desired shape, and glue them together for a practical and chic addition to your home. Editor’s Choice
For a creative touch, consider painting the corks for a splash of color or leaving them natural for a rustic feel. Applying a layer of sealant can enhance durability, making your coasters long-lasting.
Steps to create coasters:
– Cut corks in half if desired
– Arrange corks in a circle or square on a flat surface
– Glue them together until secure
These coasters will not only serve a functional purpose but also showcase your commitment to recycling in style!Upcycled Wine Cork Coasters
Gorilla Waterproof Black Coat & Seal Spray, 450ml – Flexible, Weatherp…
AmazonCheck Price
Shuttle Art Acrylic Paint Set, 15 Colours Acrylic Paint Bottle Set (473m…
AmazonCheck Price
6. DIY Beeswax Wraps
Looking for an alternative to plastic wrap? Try making DIY beeswax wraps! These wraps are perfect for keeping your food fresh and are eco-friendly. All you need to do is melt beeswax, spread it onto cotton fabric, and let it cool. The warmth of your hands makes the wraps pliable, allowing you to mold them around bowls or food items easily. Editor’s Choice
For added texture, use pinking shears when cutting your fabric to prevent fraying. If you want a pleasant scent, consider adding essential oils to the beeswax mixture.
Steps to make beeswax wraps:
– Preheat your oven to 200°F (95°C)
– Cut fabric into desired sizes
– Sprinkle beeswax on fabric and bake until melted
These wraps will help you reduce plastic waste while keeping your food fresh and your kitchen stylish!DIY Beeswax Wraps
OHIYO Reusable Beeswax Wrap for Food, 9 Pack Organic Cotton Beeswax Pape…
Amazon£19.00
SuperBee Beeswax Drops for Wraps – DIY Kit with Tree Resin & Coconut O…
Amazon£9.98
7. Fabric Scraps Rugs
Have fabric scraps to spare? Use them to craft a beautiful, unique rug that reflects your personal style! This zero waste project allows you to combine textures and colors, making your space feel cozy and inviting. Cut your fabric into strips, then braid or weave them together to create a stunning rug. Editor’s Choice
You can use materials from old clothes, linens, or even curtains to add variety. Mixing the thickness of your fabric strips can enhance the rug’s texture and visual appeal.
Steps to create your rug:
– Cut fabric into long strips
– Choose your preferred weaving or braiding method
– Secure ends with knots or stitching
This craft is a fantastic way to express your creativity and add a personal touch to your home!Fabric Scraps Rugs
Stainless Steel Sewing Kit – 40 pcs Steel Sewing Needles & Thread Set, C…
AmazonCheck Price
Cathedral Products A3 Double-Sided Self-Healing Cutting Mat | 3mm Thick …
AmazonCheck Price
8. Upcycled Furniture
Ready to give old furniture a facelift? Upcycle it with some creative techniques! Whether you want to apply a fresh coat of paint, reupholster, or distress it, this project will keep furniture out of landfills while providing you with a unique piece. Start with an old item that needs some love, gather your supplies, and let your imagination run wild. Editor’s Choice
Choose colors that complement your existing decor, and don’t hesitate to mix patterns for a fun look.
Steps to upcycle furniture:
– Clean and sand the furniture piece
– Apply primer if painting, and allow it to dry
– Paint your desired color, letting it dry completely
You’ll create a one-of-a-kind piece that rejuvenates your space and tells a story!Upcycled Furniture
BeaverCraft Draw Knife DK1 11 cm – Wood Carving Tools – High-Carbon Stee…
Amazon£19.99
Extra Wide Black Upholstery Base Backing Cloth Dipryl Bottom Cloth Corov…
AmazonCheck Price
Johnstone’s 423261 Chalky Furniture Paint Cloudy Grey 0.75 L
AmazonCheck Price
9. DIY Natural Dyes
Unleash your inner artist by crafting your own natural dyes from kitchen scraps! By using items like avocado pits, onion skins, or beet tops, you can create stunning colors for fabric. This eco-friendly craft not only reuses materials but also gives you the chance to play with color sustainably. Simply simmer the ingredients, strain, and dip your fabric to achieve beautiful earthy tones.
Don’t forget to test different fabrics to see how the colors vary, and consider adding a mordant like alum to enhance color absorption.
Steps for creating natural dyes:
– Collect and chop dye ingredients into smaller pieces
– Boil in water for about 30 minutes
– Strain the mixture to remove solids
You’ll love the rich, organic colors you can achieve, making your creations truly unique!
How To Choose Zero Waste Crafts for Your Next Project
When it comes to picking the right zero waste crafts, it’s essential to consider a few key factors. These criteria will help you create something beautiful while staying eco-friendly. Here’s how to make your selection easier:
1. Material Type
Choosing the right materials is crucial for your zero waste crafts. Look for items that are biodegradable, recyclable, or upcycled. Natural fibers like cotton, wool, or linen are great choices. Using materials you already have at home minimizes waste and saves money.
2. Project Complexity
Consider the complexity of the craft you want to undertake. If you’re new to crafting, start with simple projects like DIY beeswax wraps or greeting cards. As you gain confidence, you can move on to more complex crafts like upcycled furniture or fabric scraps rugs. Knowing your skill level will keep you motivated and engaged.
3. Time Commitment
Think about how much time you can dedicate to your craft. Some projects take just an afternoon, while others might require multi-day efforts. For instance, creating a compost bin from pallets may take several hours, while making coasters from wine corks can be completed in under an hour. Choose projects that fit within your schedule to avoid frustration.
4. Space Requirements
Evaluate the space available for your crafting activities. Certain projects, like upcycling furniture, need more room than smaller crafts like greeting cards. If you have limited workspace, stick to projects that can be accomplished on a table or desk. Make sure you have enough space to work comfortably and safely.
5. Budget
Crafting on a budget can still yield creative results. Check if you can use materials you already own, like old clothes or jars. If you need to purchase supplies, look for local thrift stores or online marketplaces offering second-hand items. This approach helps you keep costs down while promoting sustainability.
6. Environmental Impact
Always consider the environmental impact of your chosen craft. Aim for projects that minimize waste, like newspaper seedling pots or eggshell fertilizer. By selecting crafts that benefit the environment, you contribute to a healthier planet. Remember, every small effort counts!
Pro Tip: Start by setting up a crafting station where you can gather all your materials and tools. This organized space will make it easier to switch between projects and help you stay focused on your zero waste goals.
By considering these factors, you’ll be well on your way to selecting the perfect zero waste crafts. Embrace the creative process while making eco-friendly choices! Happy crafting!
DIY Natural Dyes
Editor’s Choice
100% Cotton Natural Calico Unbleached Craft Fabric – Medium Weight – 160…
Amazon£5.49
Black Fabric Dye Powder; Eco Friendly Biodegradable Clothing Dye Kit All…
AmazonUSD 25.08
10. Eco-Friendly Greeting Cards
Want to spread some cheer while being eco-conscious? Craft your own greeting cards using recycled paper, magazines, or fabric scraps! This project is perfect for adding a personal touch to your messages while reducing waste. Gather materials, cut out shapes, and embellish with drawings or stamps to create heartfelt notes. Editor’s Choice
Get creative with textures and layering to add depth and interest to your cards.
Steps to make greeting cards:
– Cut base card from recycled paper
– Create designs using magazines or fabric scraps
– Glue pieces onto the card in your desired layout
Your loved ones will appreciate the personal touch, and you’ll be making a positive impact on the environment!Eco-Friendly Greeting Cards
Xcut 4.5″ Micro Craft Scissors, Soft Grip & Non-Stick, Art, Craft Access…
AmazonUSD 7.78
Original All-Purpose Very Sticky Glue – 115ml Strong, Flexible, Clear-…
AmazonCheck Price
Kraft Paper Roll 500mm x 50m Recyclable Brown Gift Roll – For Arts & C…
AmazonUSD 10.20
11. Old Jeans Planters
Got a pair of old jeans? Repurpose them into unique planters that will bring a touch of style to your home or garden! This eco-friendly project is not only fun but also a great way to show off your gardening skills. Cut the legs off your old jeans, fill them with soil, and plant herbs or flowers for a creative display. Editor’s Choice
For added flair, choose jeans with interesting details or pockets. Just remember to cut drainage holes for your plants’ health!
Steps to create jeans planters:
– Cut legs off the jeans at your desired height
– Make drainage holes in the bottom
– Fill with potting soil and plant your seeds or plants
This project will brighten up your space while helping you reduce textile waste!Old Jeans Planters
30 Packs 5 Inch Reinforced Nursery Pots with Silicone Base for Easy Tran…
AmazonBRL 250.10
DIY Doctor Heavy Duty Gardening Gloves for Men, Thorn Proof Leather Gard…
Amazon£9.99
12. DIY Compost Bin from Pallets
Ready to start composting? Build your own compost bin using old wooden pallets! This sustainable project allows you to turn kitchen scraps and yard waste into nutrient-rich compost for your garden. Simply stack the pallets in a rectangle and secure them together. This DIY compost bin is not only practical but also a fantastic way to repurpose materials. Editor’s Choice
Make sure the pallets are untreated to avoid harmful chemicals leaching into your compost.
Steps to create your compost bin:
– Arrange pallets to form a square or rectangular shape
– Secure corners with nails or screws
– Fill the bin with organic waste and turn regularly
You’ll enjoy the satisfaction of creating your own compost while positively impacting the environment!DIY Compost Bin from Pallets
Mya 50cm Stainless Steel Compost Soil Thermometer Gauges Meter Celsius M…
AmazonUSD 18.78
Compost Aerator – Suitable for Compost Heaps and Bins – Easy To Use …
AmazonUSD 22.69
Europe Worn Palette Ideal for Wooden Furniture 80 x 120 cm
AmazonCheck Price
13. Reusable Coffee Cup Sleeves
Want to keep your hands safe from hot drinks? Make reusable coffee cup sleeves! This quick and simple project involves sewing fabric scraps into cozy sleeves that fit your favorite coffee cup. It’s a stylish way to ditch disposable paper sleeves while adding a personal touch to your daily beverage routine. Editor’s Choice
Use thick cotton fabric for durability, and consider adding a button or loop for secure closure.
Steps to create coffee cup sleeves:
– Cut fabric into a rectangular shape of 10 x 4 inches
– Fold fabric in half and sew along the long edge
– Turn right side out and press
These sleeves will keep your hands comfortable while helping you go green!Reusable Coffee Cup Sleeves
Brother LS14S Metal Chassis Sewing Machine, 43.9 x 18.9 x 36 cm White
AmazonUSD 101.03
Plain White 100% Cotton Fabric for Craft Quilting Bedding Sheeting Bunti…
AmazonCheck Price
Button Looping Nortexx 10mm Wide Elastic Loops Black (1 Metre)
AmazonCheck Price
14. Upcycled Picture Frames
Have some old materials? Turn them into beautiful picture frames! This craft lets you showcase your favorite memories in an eco-conscious way. Use wood scraps, old window frames, or even cardboard to create unique frames. Paint or decorate them to match your home decor, and your handmade art will shine! Editor’s Choice
Mix different textures and colors for an eclectic look. Adding a protective glass front can enhance longevity and keep your pictures safe.
Steps to create upcycled frames:
– Gather materials and determine the frame size
– Construct the frame using glue or nails
– Paint or decorate as desired
You’ll love the personal touch these frames add to your home!Upcycled Picture Frames
Shuttle Art Acrylic Paint Set, 15 Colours Acrylic Paint Bottle Set (473m…
AmazonCheck Price
Everbuild 502 All Purpose Weatherproof Wood Adhesive – Suitable for ty…
AmazonCheck Price
3mm Perspex Clear Acrylic Plastic Sheet 31 SIZES TO CHOOSE (297mm x 210m…
AmazonCheck Price
15. Eggshell Fertilizer
Want to give your plants a nutrient boost? Turn eggshells into natural fertilizer! Rich in calcium, eggshells provide essential nutrients for your garden. Simply rinse, dry, and crush the shells before sprinkling them into the soil or mixing them into potting mix. This simple craft reduces waste while benefiting your plants. Editor’s Choice
You can also combine them with other organic waste for a super nutrient-rich compost.
Steps to make eggshell fertilizer:
– Collect clean eggshells and let them dry
– Crush shells into small pieces or powder
– Sprinkle or mix into garden soil as needed
Your plants will thrive, and you’ll feel good about reducing kitchen waste!Eggshell Fertilizer
Addis Everyday Kitchen Food Waste Compost Caddy Bin, 4.5 Litre, Air Blue…
AmazonUSD 10.20
16. Pet Toy from Old T-Shirts
Looking for a fun project for your furry friend? Create a safe toy using old t-shirts! This zero waste craft keeps your pets entertained while repurposing clothes. Cut the t-shirts into strips and braid them together to form a sturdy rope toy. Your pet will love having something homemade, and you’ll enjoy recycling at the same time.
Choose thicker fabric for added durability and mix different colors for a visually appealing toy.
Steps to make a pet toy:
– Cut old t-shirts into long strips
– Tie a knot at one end and braid the strips
– Secure the ends with knots and trim uneven edges
This project provides a safe, eco-friendly plaything that your pet will adore!
Pet Toy from Old T-Shirts
Editor’s Choice
2Pcs Fashionable Hair Plaiting Tool French Hair Styling Clip DIY Hair Br…
Amazon£2.99
Fiskars Razor Edge fabric scissors, length: 20.7 cm, stainless steel bla…
AmazonCheck Price
Fruit of the Loom Men’s Super Premium Short Sleeve T-Shirt
AmazonCheck PriceConclusion
Embracing zero waste crafting allows you to be creative while caring for our planet. Whether you’re turning old clothes into trendy totes or whipping up natural dyes from kitchen scraps, every small step counts in making a difference. These 16 projects not only help reduce waste but also add a personal touch to your living space. So grab some supplies and get started on your eco-friendly crafting adventure!
Note: We aim to provide accurate product links, but some may occasionally expire or become unavailable. If this happens, please search directly on Amazon for the product or a suitable alternative.
This post contains Amazon affiliate links, meaning we may earn a small commission if you purchase through our links, at no extra cost to you.
Frequently Asked Questions
What Exactly Are Zero Waste Crafts and Why Are They Important for Home Sustainability?
Zero waste crafts are projects that repurpose materials you already have, turning waste into functional or decorative items. They help cut trash, save money, and teach mindful consumption. Start by thinking about common waste in your home (things like jars, fabric scraps, paper, or cardboard) and brainstorm how to give them a new life. For a quick win, tackle one room and commit to completing at least one upcycled project this week. Embrace the DIY mindset of zero waste crafts and watch how small changes multiply over time.
Bonus tip: keep a dedicated bin for potential upcycles so you always have a reservoir of ideas and materials.
What Are Some Beginner-Friendly Zero Waste Crafts I Can Start Today?
Here are beginner-friendly zero waste crafts you can start today: turn glass jars into lanterns with strings of LEDs; make a tote bag from a worn t-shirt; stitch a simple patchwork napkin set from fabric scraps; create a bookmark from scrap paper or cereal box cardstock; wrap gifts in reusable fabric and twine instead of wrapping paper. For each project, gather basic tools (scissors, needle and thread, a little glue) and follow a simple plan. Remember, the goal is DIY with sustainable results and minimal waste.
These quick wins build confidence and prove that zero waste crafts can be both fun and practical.
How Can I Source Free or Affordable Materials for Zero Waste Crafts Without Buying New?
To source free or affordable materials for zero waste crafts, start local: check curbside trash days, participate in swap groups, visit thrift stores, and ask friends or neighbors for items they’d otherwise discard. Look for glass jars, fabric scraps, cardboard, magazines, and buttons that others no longer need. Keep an ongoing wish list so you don’t miss opportunities. When you bring items home, clean and dry them and plan a project that uses what you have on hand, which keeps your crafting sustainable and budget-friendly.
DIY culture thrives on sharing, so consider hosting a small upcycle swap night with neighbors to expand your material pool.
How Can I Ensure My Zero Waste Crafts Are Durable and Reusable Rather Than Disposable?
Make your zero waste crafts durable and reusable by choosing sturdy materials and simple, repairable designs. Favor glass, metal, natural fibers, or high-quality fabrics over single-use plastics. Design items with disassembly in mind so parts can be replaced or recycled later. Store materials in labeled containers and keep care instructions handy. Minimal glue and strong stitches keep projects lasting longer. With thoughtful planning, your upcycled creations become practical everyday items rather than disposable trinkets.
This approach keeps your zero waste crafts aligned with a truly sustainable lifestyle.
How Do Zero Waste Crafts Fit Into a Broader Sustainable Lifestyle Without Added Stress?
Zero waste crafts aren’t just about making pretty things—they’re a stepping stone to a broader sustainable lifestyle. Each project reduces demand for new products, teaches repair and repurposing, and encourages mindful consumption. Pair crafts with habits like repair cafés, composting, and buying fewer, higher-quality items. Avoid clutter by choosing multi-use designs and storing finished pieces neatly. Share your projects to inspire others, proving that DIY and zero waste crafts can be practical, enjoyable, and good for the planet.
We strive to keep The Table Read free for both our readers and our contributors. If you have enjoyed our work, please consider donating to help keep The Table Read going!
Author
jjbarnes@sirenstories.co.uk
Related posts
15 Stunning Handmade Mother’s Day Cards That Are Easier Than You Think (#9 Is a Must-Try!)
On The Table Read Magazine, “the best arts and entertainment magazine UK“, express your feelings in a personal and creative way with...
Read out all
16 DIY Abstract Floral Art Projects That Look Professional
On The Table Read Magazine, “the best arts and entertainment magazine UK“, get creative with your Spring decor with these DIY abstract...
Read out all
12 Upcycled Spring Crafts That Will Brighten Your Home (You Won’t Believe #5!)
On The Table Read Magazine, “the best arts and entertainment magazine UK“, let the change in season bring sustainability and creativity to...
Read out all
14 Handmade DIY Mother’s Day Jewelry Pieces She’ll Cherish Forever (Don’t Miss #11!)
On The Table Read Magazine, “the best arts and entertainment magazine UK”, these handmade DIY mother’s day jewelry pieces are the perfect...
Read out all
10 Simple Origami Basics That’ll Have You Folding Like a Pro in No Time!
On The Table Read Magazine, “the best arts and entertainment magazine UK“, if you’ve always been curious about the beautiful art of...
Read out all
16 Hands-On Spring Art Projects for Kids That Will Delight Their Senses!
On The Table Read Magazine, “the best arts and entertainment magazine UK“, embrace the changing seasons and your children’s creativity with these...
Read out all